First Electric Multiple Unit Service in Japan

On July 20, 1903, the Kobu Railway introduced Japan's first electric multiple unit (EMU) service between Iidamachi and Nakano in Tokyo. This innovation used 600V DC overhead electrification with wooden-bodied cars built locally, addressing steam locomotive limitations in dense urban areas. Key figures included engineer Yasujiro Shima, who adapted Western technology for Japanese needs. The service reduced smoke pollution and enabled higher frequencies, laying groundwork for the expansive Tokyo subway and commuter networks. It symbolized Japan's rapid modernization during the Meiji era and influenced subsequent Shinkansen development through lessons in electric traction and multiple-unit control.