First electric streetcar line opens in Richmond

August 12, 1888 saw the debut of Frank J. Sprague's electric trolley system in Richmond, Virginia, with 12 miles of track and 40 cars. Overcoming steep grades and power distribution issues, it replaced horse-drawn cars and became the global model for electrified urban rail. This innovation reduced pollution, increased speed, and enabled city growth. It influenced subway and light rail development worldwide, marking the shift from steam to electric traction in public transport.